Majoritarian Politics in South Asia

Photo by Mythri Jegathesan.

The last decade has been witness to the seemingly meteoric rise and consolidation of a wide range of majoritarian and authoritarian political regimes across South Asia. This series of essays seeks to understand not only the situated emergence of such regimes but also how they stick, that is, how they acquire legitimacy and longevity through attaching themselves to the quotidian desires, aspirations, fears, and resentments of ordinary people in the region. Instead of treating majoritarianism or authoritarianism as self-evident categories, this collection breaks down these conceptual abstractions to explore how such politics comes to be meaningful and, perhaps more importantly, desirable across time and space. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in and across South Asia, our authors illuminate how right-wing politics gathers affective force by crafting a web of surprisingly heterogeneous, contingent, and often conflicting alliances and affiliations. These essays demonstrate how right-wing politics knit together a diverse range of locally situated struggles and ambitions even as it seeks to draw them into a transcendental community of those who have been injured or violated by an Other. Across South Asia, right-wing discourses of “historical injury” aspire to align differences of caste, ethnicity, religion, language, and region into a stable and rigid hierarchy. They do so through the invocation of painful histories of “invasion,” colonialism, partitions, wars of independence, and civilizational conflict rendered in terms of insurmountable and primordial religious differences that defines collective interest and territorial belonging. This ideology of injury and violation, we argue, is remarkably creative and malleable in the ways it can be invoked to address the specificity of local grievances while, at the same time, operating as a meta-narrative that arouses and electrifies the sentiments of the body politic.

Posts in This Series

Majoritarian Politics in South Asia: Introduction

Majoritarian Politics in South Asia: Introduction

The last decade has been witness to the seemingly meteoric rise and consolidation of a wide range of majoritarian and authoritarian political regimes across Sou... More

The Line of Control at Wartime: Fascist Masculinities and Kashmir

The Line of Control at Wartime: Fascist Masculinities and Kashmir

The Line of Control (LoC) that divides Indian and Pakistani-occupied Kashmir is nature-land-river transformed into a zone of terror. When I visited Azad Jammu a... More

The Politics of Fiscal Sentiments in Pakistan

The Politics of Fiscal Sentiments in Pakistan

In March 2015, Ayyan Ali, a Pakistani supermodel, was arrested at the Islamabad International Airport for attempting to carry half a million dollars in cash ont... More

A Dress Code for the Revolution

A Dress Code for the Revolution

During the festival season in October 2008, I sat on a sunny patio perched on a ridge just north of Darjeeling’s central plaza, Chowrasta. After another day of ... More

The Sovereign Power of the Mob: Blasphemy Accusations as Democratic Politics in Pakistan

The Sovereign Power of the Mob: Blasphemy Accusations as Democratic Politics in Pakistan

Situated off the busy Main Satiana Road in Faisalabad, a narrow street leads to a dizzying maze of alleyways that traverse the working-class area of Illahi Ab... More

“What have you heard?” Secrecy, State, and Space in Kashmir

“What have you heard?” Secrecy, State, and Space in Kashmir

August 5, 2019. Around 9:30 in the morning, my friends and I sat on the concrete steps of a closed sweet shop, at the pend in Pampore, a small town near the cap... More

Tribal Territoriality, Asymmetric Federalism, and Majoritarianism in India’s Northern Himalayan Borderlands

Tribal Territoriality, Asymmetric Federalism, and Majoritarianism in India’s Northern Himalayan Borderlands

We are a separate nation by all tests—race, language, religion, culture . . . The right to self-determination claimed by us cannot be claimed with equal force b... More

Nesting Paternalisms: Postwar Indo-Lankan Diplomacies on Sri Lanka’s Plantations

Nesting Paternalisms: Postwar Indo-Lankan Diplomacies on Sri Lanka’s Plantations

May 12, 2017, was Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s second official visit to Sri Lanka, but the first any Indian premier would make to the island’s Hill Cou... More

Don’t Break the State: Indivisibility and Populist Majority Politics in Nepal

Don’t Break the State: Indivisibility and Populist Majority Politics in Nepal

Images of broken states, broken regions, and broken bodies animated the populist majoritarian politics of high-caste Hindus during the writing of Nepal’s new fe... More

Passengers to Pilgrims: Micro-cartographies of Sacredness in the Indian Himalayas

Passengers to Pilgrims: Micro-cartographies of Sacredness in the Indian Himalayas

When Narendra Modi, the current prime minister of India, visited Kedarnath during the 2019 parliamentary elections dressed in a leopard print shawl over a grey ... More

Hello Chinky

Hello Chinky

When conducting fieldwork on indigenous migrants and the hospitality sector in India in 2015, I witnessed an encounter that, in retrospect, illuminates how majo... More

The Voice of Conscience amid the Populist Uproar: Politics and Popular Ideologies

The Voice of Conscience amid the Populist Uproar: Politics and Popular Ideologies

The various Tamil movements that emerged in Sri Lanka in the 1970s ranged across a broad political spectrum, whether inspired by Marxist ideology or by the Tami... More

The Limits of Radical Politics in an Unstable “Field”: Rethinking Shahabag, Hefazat-e-Islam, and the Women’s Grand Rally

The Limits of Radical Politics in an Unstable “Field”: Rethinking Shahabag, Hefazat-e-Islam, and the Women’s Grand Rally

On February 5, 2013, chants of “Phashi Chai!” (Hang them now!) reverberated through the city of Dhaka when a collective of activists occupied Shahabag, a major ... More

Viral Nationalism

Viral Nationalism

On March 22, 2020, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi invited the public to demonstrate their appreciation for the Indian doctors and health workers who were b... More

City of Tenuous Peace: Reconsidering Ganga Jamuni Tehzeeb in Lucknow

City of Tenuous Peace: Reconsidering Ganga Jamuni Tehzeeb in Lucknow

Moments after recalling how nine small Muslim-owned shops were burned down in the Maulviganj mohalla of Lucknow following the infamous 1992 demolition of the Ba... More